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So, instead of performing a real-time search through files on the filesystem, the search performs a query to the internal database, which allows showing results immediately. There is a designated list of indexed locations in Windows, plus Libraries which are always indexed.
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It runs as a service that indexes file names, contents and properties of file system items and stores them in a special database.
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It is not new to Windows 10, but Windows 10 uses the same indexer-powered search like its predecessors although it uses a different algorithm and a different database. As you may be already know, search results in Windows are instant because they are powered by the Windows Search indexer.
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